Vitamin or mineral
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Benefits
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Sources
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Vitamin A
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Vitamin A prevents eye problems, promotes a healthy immune system, is essential for the growth and development of cells, and keeps skin healthy.
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milk, eggs, liver, fortified cereals, darkly colored orange or green vegetables (such as carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, and kale), and orange fruits such as cantaloupe, apricots, peaches, papayas, and mangos.
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Vitamin B-1 Thiamin
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Thiamin helps the body convert carbohydrates into energy and is necessary for the heart, muscles, and nervous system to function properly.
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fortified breads, cereals, and pasta; meat and fish; dried beans, soy foods, and peas; and whole grains like wheat germ.
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Vitamin B-2 Riboflavin
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Riboflavin is essential for turning carbohydrates into energy and producing red blood cells. It is also important for vision.
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meat, eggs, legumes (like peas and lentils), nuts, dairy products, green leafy vegetables, broccoli, asparagus, and fortified cereals.
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Vitamin B-3 Niacin
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Niacin helps the body turn food into energy. It helps maintain healthy skin and is important for nerve function.
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red meat, poultry, fish, fortified hot and cold cereals, and peanuts.
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Vitamin B-6
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Vitamin B6 is important for normal brain and nerve function. It also helps the body break down proteins and make red blood cells.
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potatoes, bananas, beans, seeds, nuts, red meat, poultry, fish, eggs, spinach, and fortified cereals.
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Vitamin B-9 Folate, folic acid, or folacin
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Folate helps the body make red blood cells. It is also needed to make DNA.
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Dried beans and other legumes, green leafy vegetables, asparagus, oranges and other citrus fruits, and poultry are good sources of this vitamin. So are fortified or enriched bread, noodles, and cereals.
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Vitamin B-12
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Vitamin B12 helps to make red blood cells, and is important for nerve cell function.
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fish, red meat, poultry, milk, cheese, and eggs. It's also added to some breakfast cereals.
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Vitamin C ascorbic acid
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Vitamin C is needed to form collagen, a tissue that helps to hold cells together. It's essential for healthy bones, teeth, gums, and blood vessels. It helps the body absorb iron and calcium, aids in wound healing, and contributes to brain function.
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red berries, kiwi, red and green bell peppers, tomatoes, broccoli, spinach, and juices made from guava, grapefruit, and orange.
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Vitamin D
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Vitamin D strengthens bones because it helps the body absorb bone-building calcium.
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your body manufactures it when you get sunlight on your skin! egg yolks, fish oils, and fortified foods like milk.
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Vitamin E
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Vitamin E is an antioxidant and helps protect cells from damage. It is also important for the health of red blood cells.
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vegetable oils, nuts, and green leafy vegetables. Avocados, wheat germ, and whole grains are also good sources.
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Vitamin K
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citrus
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Calcium
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Calcium is vital for building strong bones and teeth. The time to build strong bones is during childhood and the teen years, so it's very important to get enough calcium now to fight against bone loss later in life. Weak bones are susceptible to a condition called osteoporosis, which causes bones to break easily.
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Milk and other dairy products —such as yogurt, cheese, and cottage cheese, broccoli and dark green, leafy vegetables. Soy foods and foods fortified with calcium, including some kinds of orange juice and soy milk, are also good sources.
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Iron
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Iron helps red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia include weakness and fatigue, lightheadedness, and shortness of breath.
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red meat, pork, fish and shellfish, poultry, lentils, beans and soy foods, green leafy vegetables, and raisins. Some flours, cereals, and grain products are also fortified with iron.
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Magnesium
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Magnesium helps muscles and nerves function, steadies the heart rhythm, and keeps bones strong. It also helps the body create energy and make proteins.
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whole grains and whole-grain breads, nuts and seeds, green leafy vegetables, potatoes, beans, avocados, bananas, kiwi, broccoli, shrimp, and chocolate (yes, chocolate!).
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Phosphorus
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Phosphorus helps form healthy bones and teeth. It also helps the body make energy. It is part of every cell membrane, and every cell in the body needs phosphorus to function normally.
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best sources are dairy foods, meat, and fish.
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Potassium
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Potassium helps with muscle and nervous system function. It also helps the body maintain the balance of water in the blood and body tissues.
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broccoli, potatoes (with skins), green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, bananas, dried fruits, and legumes such as peas and lima beans.
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Zinc
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Zinc is important for normal growth, sexual development, strong immunity, and wound healing.
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red meat, poultry, oysters and other seafood, nuts, dried beans, soy foods, milk and other dairy products, whole grains, and fortified breakfast cereals.
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